Thov Txheeb Xyuas Koj Lub Hnub Nyoog.

Koj puas muaj 21 xyoos lossis laus dua?
Yog, kuv muaj 21 xyoos. Tsis yog, kuv muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 21 xyoos.

Cov khoom ntawm lub vev xaib no tuaj yeem muaj cov nicotine, uas yog rau cov neeg laus (21+) nkaus xwb.

English

Muaj pes tsawg tus Hluas Vape

Qhov nce ntawm vaping tau ua rau lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm kev noj nicotine, tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hluas. Nkag siab txog qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas vaping yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev daws cov teeb meem cuam tshuam thiab tsim cov tswv yim tiv thaiv zoo. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawmib daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas txhua xyoo tso tawm los ntawm FDA, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab uas tau tshaj tawm siv e-luam yeeb poob rau 10 feem pua ​​​​ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo no los ntawm 14 feem pua ​​​​ntawm xyoo tas los. Qhov no zoo li yog qhov pib zoo ntawm kev tswj hwm tus cwj pwm vaping hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis puas tuaj yeem tswj tau?

Hauv phau ntawv qhia dav dav no, peb yuav tshawb xyuas cov txheeb cais ib puag ncigmuaj pes tsawg tus hluas vape, unraveling lub influencing yam thiab delving rau hauv tej zaum yuav tshwm sim ntawm tus cwj pwm no.

pes tsawg-cov hluas-vape

Qhov Prevalence ntawm Teen Vaping: Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Txheeb Xyuas

Cov tub ntxhais hluas vaping tau dhau los ua qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv, yuav tsum tau saib ze rau ntawm thaj chaw txheeb cais kom nkag siab txog qhov twg ntawm qhov tshwm sim no. Hauv seem no, peb yuav delve rau hauv cov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb muaj npe nrov uas muab cov kev nkag siab zoo rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hluas vaping.

A. National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) Nrhiav

CovNational Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), ua los ntawm Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob thiab Tiv Thaiv (CDC), sawv ua qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas vaping hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev haus luam yeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab thiab theem siab, muab cov duab qhia dav dav ntawm cov qauv tam sim no.

NYTS kev tshawb pom feem ntau nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg, suav nrog tus nqi ntawm kev siv e-luam yeeb, zaus ntawm vaping, thiab cov qauv pej xeem. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov kev tshawb pom no, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua ntawm kev nthuav dav cov tub ntxhais hluas vaping yog li cas, txheeb xyuas cov chaw muaj peev xwm rau kev cuam tshuam thiab kev kawm.

Kev tshawb nrhiav los ntawm NYTS pom tias txij xyoo 2022 txog 2023, kev siv e-luam yeeb tam sim no ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab poob qis los ntawm 14.1% mus rau 10.0%. E-luam yeeb tseem yog cov khoom siv luam yeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab thiab tsev kawm theem siab uas tam sim no siv e-luam yeeb, 25.2% siv e-luam yeeb txhua hnub, thiab 89.4% siv e-luam yeeb.


TABLE 1. Feem pua ​​ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv theem nrab thiab theem siab uas tau tshaj tawm txog kev siv cov khoom luam yeeb, * los ntawm cov khoom, tag nrho thiab los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv theem, poj niam txiv neej, thiab haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg - National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2023Rov qab mus rau koj qhov chaw hauv cov ntawv nyeem
Cov khoom luam yeeb % (95% CI) Tag nrho kwv yees qhov hnyav no.§
Kev sib deev Haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg† Tag nrho
Poj niam Txiv neej AI/AN, NH Asian, NH Dub lossis African Asmeskas, NH Dawb, NH Hispanic lossis Latino Multiracial, NH
Zuag qhia tag nrho
Tej yam khoom haus luam yeeb 23.7 ib
(21.5–26.00 Nws.)		 20.8 ib
(18.9–22.8) Nws.		 22.7 ib
(16.8–30.00 Nws.)		 12.1
(6.5–21.5) Nws.		 20.1
(17.7-22.6) Nws.		 23.1
(20.2–26.2)		 23.8 ib
(22.2-25.4) Nws.		 27.9 ib
(22.5–33.9) Nws.		 22.2
(20.5–23.9) Nws.		 6.210.000 Nws
E-luam yeeb 19.4 ib
(17.5-21.5 Nws.)		 14.7 ib
(13.2–16.3) Nws.		 15.4 ib
(10.7–21.8) Nws.		 —** 12.9 Nws
(11.1-14.8) Nws.		 18.4 ib
(15.9–21.1.)		 18.2
(16.3-20.20 Nws.)		 20.8 ib
(15.9–26.8) Nws.		 17.0 Nws
(15.6–18.5) Nws.		 4,750,000 ib
Cov luam yeeb 7.0 ib
(6.0–8.1)		 6.5
(5.4–7.7)		 9.5 ib
(5.6–15.5)		 — 4.1
(2.9–5.8) Nws.		 7.5
(6.3–8.9) Nws.		 7.4 ib
(5.9–9.2)		 8.7 ib
(6.0–12.4) Nws.		 6.7
(6.0–7.6)		 1,840,000 Nws
Cigars†† 3.8
(2.9–4.8) Nws.		 5.8
(4.8–7.0) Nws.		 — — 4.7
(3.4–6.4) Nws.		 5.2
(4.1–6.6)		 4.7
(4.0–5.5)		 6.9
(4.8–9.8)		 4.8
(4.0–5.6)		 1,300,000
Hookahs 3.4
(2.4–4.8) Nws.		 2.7
(1.9–3.8) Nws.		 — — 4.5
(2.7–7.2) Nws.		 2.5
(1.7–3.5)		 3.5
(2.7–4.5) Nws.		 3.6
(2.4–5.2)		 3.0
(2.4–3.9) Nws.		 820,000 ib
Smokeless haus luam yeeb (composite)†† 2.2
(1.7–2.9) Nws.		 3.7
(2.8–4.8) Nws.		 — — 1.3
(0.8–2.1)		 3.4
(2.5–4.6)		 2.9
(2.2–3.8)		 5.0
(3.3–7.5) Nws.		 3.0
(2.4–3.6)		 800,000
Lwm cov khoom siv nicotine hauv qhov ncauj†† 2.7
(2.1–3.4)		 3.2
(2.6–4.1)		 4.9
(2.8–8.5) Nws.		 — 1.7
(1.1–2.6)		 3.2
(2.4–4.1)		 3.5
(2.7–4.6) Nws.		 4.2
(2.4–7.2)		 3.0
(2.5–3.5)		 800,000
Nicotine hnab 1.7
(1.2–2.4)		 3.0
(2.2–4.1)		 — — — 3.0
(2.3–3.9) Nws.		 2.0
(1.2–3.2)		 — 2.3
(1.8–3.0) Nws.		 580,000 ib
Pipe luam yeeb 1.5
(1.1–2.0)		 1.9
(1.4–2.5)		 — — — 1.8
(1.3–2.5)		 2.0
(1.5–2.7)		 2.3
(1.3–3.9) Nws.		 1.7
(1.4–2.0)		 440,000 ib
Cov khoom siv luam yeeb cua sov 1.5
(1.1–2.0)		 1.5
(1.0–2.1)		 — — 1.7
(1.0–2.9)		 1.4
(0.9-2.0.0 Nws.)		 1.8
(1.3–2.4)		 1.6
(0.9–3.0) Nws.		 1.5
(1.1–2.0)		 370,000 ib
Txhua yam khoom haus luam yeeb§§ 10.9
(9.3–12.8) Nws.		 11.6
(10.1–13.2) Nws.		 11.1
(7.0–17.1)		 4.4
(2.4–7.8) Nws.		 11.2
(8.5–14.7) Nws.		 11.6
(9.7–13.7) Nws.		 12.0 Nws
(10.4–13.8) Nws.		 14.4 ib
(11.0-18.5 Nws.)		 11.2
(9.9–12.7) Nws.		 3.090.000 Nws
Ntau yam khoom lag luam luam yeeb¶¶ 10.1
(8.7–11.8) Nws.		 9.6 ib
(8.4–10.9) Nws.		 11.0 Nws
(7.2–16.3) Nws.		 3.6
(2.1–6.0)		 7.3
(5.5–9.7)		 10.8
(9.1–12.8) Nws.		 10.3
(8.9–11.8) Nws.		 13.3
(10.1–17.3) Nws.		 9.8 ib
(8.7–11.1)		 2,750,000 ib
Cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab (qib 9–12)
Tej yam khoom haus luam yeeb 30.1
(26.9–33.5) Nws.		 25.9 ib
(23.5-28.5 Nws.)		 29.0 Nws
(19.1–41.5) Nws.		 — 21.8 ib
(18.8–25.2)		 31.4 ib
(28.0–34.9) Nws.		 27.3 ib
(24.8–29.8) Nws.		 35.1 ib
(27.3–43.7) Nws.		 27.9 ib
(25.8–30.2) Nws.		 4,390,000 Nws
E-luam yeeb 26.0 Nws
(23.2–29.00 Nws.)		 19.5 Nws
(17.6–21.5) Nws.		 20.3
(12.5–31.2) Nws.		 — 14.7 ib
(11.7–18.2) Nws.		 26.0 Nws
(23.0-29.20 Nws.)		 22.3
(20.0-24.9 Nws.)		 27.5 ib
(20.9–35.3) Nws.		 22.6 ib
(20.9–24.5) Nws.		 3,550,000 ib
Cov luam yeeb 8.8 ib
(7.3–10.6) Nws.		 8.3
(7.0–9.7) Nws.		 — — 3.0
(1.8–5.0) Nws.		 10.5
(9.0–12.1)		 8.8 ib
(6.9–11.1)		 10.5
(6.8–15.7) Nws.		 8.5
(7.7–9.5) Nws.		 1,310,000 Nws
Cigars†† 4.8
(3.6–6.4.)		 7.9 ib
(6.3–9.9) Nws.		 — — 4.8
(3.2–7.1)		 7.8 ib
(6.1–10.0) Nws.		 5.4
(4.4–6.6)		 9.6 ib
(6.4–14.0) Nws.		 6.4
(5.3–7.7)		 980,000 ib
Hookahs 4.0
(2.7–5.9) Nws.		 3.5
(2.3–5.4)		 — — — 3.6
(2.5–5.3)		 3.9
(2.7–5.5) Nws.		 3.3
(1.9–5.8)		 3.7
(2.8–5.1)		 560,000 ib
Smokeless haus luam yeeb (composite)†† 2.2
(1.5–3.2)		 4.3
(3.3–5.7) Nws.		 — — — 3.8
(2.8–5.1)		 2.9
(2.1–4.0)		 6.9
(4.1–11.4)		 3.3
(2.6–4.1)		 500,000
Lwm cov khoom siv nicotine hauv qhov ncauj†† 2.8
(2.0–4.0)		 4.0
(3.1–5.3)		 — — 1.6
(0.9–2.7) Nws.		 4.1
(3.0–5.4)		 3.8
(3.0–4.8)		 — 3.5
(2.8–4.2)		 520,000 ib
Nicotine hnab 2.0
(1.4–2.9.)		 4.1
(3.0–5.6)		 — — — 4.5
(3.5–5.7)		 1.8
(1.1–2.8)		 — 3.1
(2.4–4.0) Nws.		 430,000 ib
Pipe luam yeeb 1.7
(1.2–2.5)		 2.4
(1.8–3.2)		 — — — 2.7
(2.0–3.5)		 2.2
(1.5–3.2)		 3.3
(2.0–5.5)		 2.1
(1.7–2.5) Nws.		 310,000 ib
Cov khoom siv luam yeeb cua sov 1.7
(1.2–2.5)		 1.6
(1.0–2.4)		 — — — 1.8
(1.2–2.8)		 1.5
(0.9–2.3)		 — 1.6
(1.2–2.3)		 230,000 ib
Txhua yam khoom haus luam yeeb§§ 13.6
(11.3–16.2) Nws.		 14.9 Nws
(13.0-16.9 Nws.)		 — — 10.7 ib
(8.2–14.0) Nws.		 16.4 ib
(14.1–19.1)		 13.8 ib
(11.7–16.3) Nws.		 17.5 Nws
(12.6–23.7) Nws.		 14.2
(12.6–16.1) Nws.		 2.190.000 Nws
Ntau yam khoom lag luam luam yeeb¶¶ 12.8 ib
(10.5–15.4) Nws.		 12.6
(11.1–14.2)		 14.2
(8.0–24.0) Nws.		 4.6
(2.5–8.3) Nws.		 7.1
(4.9–10.1)		 15.4 ib
(13.1–18.1) Nws.		 11.7 ib
(10.0–13.6) Nws.		 17.1
(12.2–23.3) Nws.		 12.7 ib
(11.1–14.4.)		 1,990,000 Nws
Cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab (qib 6–8)
Tej yam khoom haus luam yeeb 15.4 ib
(12.9–18.3) Nws.		 13.8 ib
(11.3–16.6) Nws.		 15.3
(9.7–23.2) Nws.		 — 17.8 ib
(12.9–24.00 Nws.)		 12.3
(10.0-14.9) Nws.		 18.7 ib
(16.5–21.1)		 17.6 ib
(13.0-23.6) Nws.		 14.7 ib
(12.5–17.1) Nws.		 1,780,000 ib
E-luam yeeb 11.0 Nws
(9.1–13.3) Nws.		 8.2
(6.9–9.8) Nws.		 — — 10.6
(8.5–13.1)		 8.4
(6.8–10.3) Nws.		 12.3
(10.5–14.4) Nws.		 11.3
(6.3–19.5) Nws.		 9.7 ib
(8.3–11.3) Nws.		 1,170,000 ib
Cov luam yeeb 4.6
(3.6–5.9) Nws.		 4.0
(2.7–5.9) Nws.		 — — 5.5
(3.9–7.8) Nws.		 3.5
(2.5–5.1)		 5.3
(3.8–7.2) Nws.		 — 4.3
(3.3–5.5)		 510,000 ib
Cigars†† 2.4
(1.6–3.6)		 2.9
(2.0–4.2)		 — — 4.6
(2.8–7.4) Nws.		 1.7
(1.1–2.6)		 3.5
(2.3–5.3)		 — 2.6
(1.9–3.7) Nws.		 310,000 ib
Hookahs — 1.7
(1.2–2.3)		 — — — 0.9
(0.5–1.6)		 2.9
(2.1–4.0)		 — 2.1
(1.4–3.2)		 240,000 ib
Smokeless haus luam yeeb (composite)†† 2.3
(1.6–3.1)		 2.7
(1.8–4.0) Nws.		 — — — 2.9
(1.9–4.4)		 2.5
(1.6–3.9) Nws.		 — 2.4
(1.8–3.3)		 290,000 ib
Lwm cov khoom siv nicotine hauv qhov ncauj†† 2.4
(1.8–3.2)		 2.1
(1.6–2.7) Nws.		 — — — 2.0
(1.4–2.9.)		 2.9
(1.8–4.4)		 2.9
(1.6–5.2)		 2.2
(1.8–2.7) Nws.		 260,000 ib
Nicotine hnab — — — — — 1.0
(0.6–1.8)		 — — — —
Pipe luam yeeb 1.1
(0.6–2.0)		 1.1
(0.6–2.0)		 — — — — 1.7
(1.2–2.4)		 — 1.1
(0.7–1.6)		 120,000
Cov khoom siv luam yeeb cua sov 1.2
(0.7–1.9) Nws.		 — — — — 0.8 ua
(0.5 ~ 1.5 hli)		 2.1
(1.6–2.8) Nws.		 — 1.2
(0.8–1.8)		 130,000 ib
Txhua yam khoom haus luam yeeb§§ 7.5
(5.7–10.0) Nws.		 7.2
(5.1–9.9)		 6.6
(3.6–11.7) Nws.		 — 11.9 ib
(7.0–19.4) Nws.		 5.3
(3.8–7.3) Nws.		 9.3
(7.3–11.7) Nws.		 9.8 ib
(6.4–14.8) Nws.		 7.3
(5.6–9.4)		 870,000 ib
Ntau yam khoom lag luam luam yeeb¶¶ 6.7
(5.3–8.6) Nws.		 5.5
(4.2–7.2)		 — — 7.6
(4.7–12.2) Nws.		 4.7
(3.5–6.2)		 8.0 ib
(6.0–10.6)		 7.9 ib
(5.3–11.6) Nws.		 6.1
(4.9–7.5) Nws.		 740,000 ib


B. Ntiaj Teb Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Cov Hluas Vaping

Tshaj li lub teb chaws ciam teb, kev xav thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas vaping ntxiv txheej tseem ceeb rau peb txoj kev nkag siab txog qhov tshwm sim no. Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (WHO) thiab lwm lub koom haum saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thoob ntiaj teb saib xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej hauvtub ntxhais hluas vaping ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas vaping los ntawm lub ntiaj teb pom pom tso cai rau peb txheeb xyuas qhov sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv hauv ntau thaj tsam. Kev nkag siab txog cov xwm txheej uas ua rau cov hluas vaping ntawm qhov dav dav muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov tswv yim tiv thaiv zoo uas hla thaj tsam thaj tsam.

Hauv kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau xyoo 2022, WHO tau qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas vaping txheeb cais hauv plaub lub tebchaws, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai.

leej twg-cov hluas-vaping-stats

Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke kev nkag siab los ntawm ntau cov kev tshawb fawb no, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheem txheeb xyuas zoo uas qhia rau cov neeg tsim cai, cov kws qhia ntawv, thiab cov kws kho mob txog qhov loj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas vaping. Qhov kev paub no ua lub hauv paus rau cov phiaj xwm kev cuam tshuam los txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus cwj pwm no thiab tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lwm tiam neeg.


Factors Influencing Teen Vaping:

Vim li cas cov hluas vape? Yuav ua li cas cov hluas paub txog vaping? Nkag siab txog yam uas ua rau cov hluas vaping yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov phiaj xwm kev cuam tshuam. Ntau qhov tseem ceeb tau txheeb xyuas:

Marketing thiab Advertising:Cov tswv yim lag luam nruj heev los ntawm cov tuam txhab e-luam yeeb, feem ntau muaj qhov ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam thiab tsim qauv zoo nkauj, pab txhawb rau kev nyiam ntawm vaping ntawm cov hluas.

Peer Influence:Peer pressure plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj feem yuav koom nrog vaping yog tias lawv cov phooj ywg lossis cov phooj ywg koom nrog.

Kev Siv Tau:Kev nkag mus tau ntawm e-luam yeeb, suav nrog kev muag online thiab cov khoom siv tsis pom zoo xws li pod systems, pab txhawb kom cov hluas tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom vaping.

Perceived Harmlessness:Qee cov tub ntxhais hluas pom tias vaping tsis muaj teeb meem ntau dua li kev haus luam yeeb ib txwm muaj, ua rau muaj kev txaus siab sim nrog e-luam yeeb.


Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm Teen Vaping

Vaping tau suav tias yog lwm txoj kev xaiv rau kev haus luam yeeb ib txwm, thaum nws tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo - nws tseem ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv. Kev nce siab hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas vaping tuaj nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo uas txuas mus dhau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv tam sim ntawd. Ntawm no muaj ob peb yam txaus ntshai uas peb yuav tsum paub:

Kev Tiv Thaiv Nicotine:Vaping nthuav tawm cov tub ntxhais hluas rau nicotine, ib yam khoom muaj yees heev. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas lub hlwb yog tshwj xeeb yog raug rau cov kev tsis zoo ntawm nicotine, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj.

Rooj vag mus haus luam yeeb:Rau cov neeg laus haus luam yeeb, vaping yuav yog qhov pib zoo rau kev txiav luam yeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov tub ntxhais hluas uas vape muaj feem yuav hloov mus rau kev haus luam yeeb ib txwm muaj, qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov rooj vaping.

Kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv:Thaum vaping feem ntau yog kev lag luam raws li kev nyab xeeb dua rau kev haus luam yeeb, nws tsis yog yam tsis muaj kev phom sij. Kev nqus cov khoom tsis zoo uas muaj nyob hauv e-luam yeeb aerosol tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa thiab lwm yam kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv.

Impact on Mental Health:Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj ntawm nicotine, ua ke nrog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev kawm ntawm kev siv yeeb tshuaj, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab rau cov hluas uas vape.


Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev cuam tshuam cov tswv yim

Hauv kev hais txog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas vaping, yuav tsum muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, thiab nws yuav siv zog los ntawm tag nrho cov zej zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov zej zog vaping.

Kev Kawm Txuj Ci:Kev ua raws li cov kev qhia ntawv uas muab cov ntaub ntawv tseeb txog cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog vaping tuaj yeem txhawb cov tub ntxhais hluas kom paub txog kev xaiv.

Txoj cai thiab kev cai:Txhim kho thiab tswj cov kev cai ntawm kev lag luam, muag, thiab kev nkag tau ntawm cov khoom lag luam vaping tuaj yeem txwv lawv qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hluas.

Kev txhawb nqa ib puag ncig:Kev txhawb nqa ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam kev siv yeeb tshuaj thiab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv.

Kev koom tes nrog niam txiv:Qhib kev sib txuas lus ntawm niam txiv thiab cov hluas, ua ke nrog niam txiv kev koom tes hauv lawv cov menyuam lub neej, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev cuam tshuam kev coj cwj pwm vaping.


Xaus

Kev nkag siabmuaj pes tsawg tus hluas vapeyog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm los daws qhov kev coj cwj pwm no. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheeb cais, cov neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam, thiab qhov yuav tshwm sim, peb tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluas vaping rau pej xeem noj qab haus huv. Nrog kev paub txog kev cuam tshuam thiab kev sib koom tes sib koom tes, peb tuaj yeem taug kev thaj chaw nyuaj no thiab siv zog mus rau yav tom ntej noj qab haus huv rau cov hluas.

Post lub sij hawm: Jan-29-2024
Ntaus nkag mus tshawb lossis ESC kom kaw